Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland, a small butterfly-shaped organ in the neck, doesn’t produce enough thyroid hormones. These hormones play a crucial role in regulating your body’s metabolism, energy production, and overall organ function. Without sufficient levels, processes in your body slow down, leading to a variety of symptoms.

The most common cause of hypothyroidism is Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, an autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks the thyroid. Other causes may include iodine deficiency, certain medications, or thyroid surgery. Hypothyroidism is more common in women and older adults but can affect anyone.

The symptoms of hypothyroidism can be subtle and often develop gradually. Common signs include:

• Fatigue and low energy
• Unexplained weight gain
• Sensitivity to cold
• Dry skin and brittle nails
• Hair thinning or hair loss
• Constipation
• Depression or mood changes
• Slowed heart rate

While these symptoms are associated with hypothyroidism, they can also overlap with other health conditions. It’s essential to consult a healthcare provider for a proper diagnosis.

Causes of hypothyroidism include:

• Autoimmune diseases: The most frequent cause is Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.
• Iodine deficiency: Although rare in developed countries, insufficient iodine can lead to hypothyroidism.
• Medications: Certain drugs, like lithium, can interfere with thyroid function.
• Thyroid surgery or radiation therapy: Procedures or treatments for hyperthyroidism or thyroid cancer can reduce hormone production